Chocolate/cocoa
The cocoa bean is a dried and fully fermented seed of the Theobroma cacao tree. These seeds can be ground and roasted, forming chocolate. Cocoa contains significant amounts of bioactive compounds, including antioxidant polyphenols and methylxanthines (caffeine and theobromine), which might promote weight loss by browning white adipocytes and improving lipid catabolic metabolism insulin resistance, endothelial function, and oxidative stress ). Only one of the six trials (conducted between 2008 and 2015) was classified as having a low risk of bias . Trials were conducted in the United States, Europe, Australia, and Mexico. Four trials did not report funding; the remaining were industry funded. Counts per arm ranged from 4 to 15, with trial duration ranging from 21 days to 18 weeks. Participant age ranged from 20 to 60 years. One study demonstrated significant differences between arms at follow-up; the remaining were nonsignificant or did not report these values. The study with a low risk of bias did not show any significant changes in weight (Supporting Information Tables S6A-D).